{"id":588,"date":"2026-04-17T12:53:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T12:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/why-does-a-jasmine-from-grasse-cost-20-times-more-than-one-from-egypt\/"},"modified":"2026-04-17T12:53:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T12:53:30","slug":"why-does-a-jasmine-from-grasse-cost-20-times-more-than-one-from-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/why-does-a-jasmine-from-grasse-cost-20-times-more-than-one-from-egypt\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Does a Jasmine from Grasse Cost 20 Times More Than One from Egypt?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"tldr-hybrid\">\n<p><strong>The steep price of a Grasse perfume isn\u2019t a luxury markup; it\u2019s a direct reflection of a high-risk, low-yield agricultural and scientific supply chain.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The switch from traditional enfleurage to high-tech CO2 extraction preserves fragile scents at a molecular level, a costly but superior process.<\/li>\n<li>A master perfumer\u2019s decade-long training physically alters their brain, turning their nose into a multi-million dollar \u00ab\u00a0neural asset.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Recommendation:<\/strong> View your next fragrance purchase not as a simple scent, but as an investment in a protected, tangible piece of cultural and scientific heritage.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>When you hold a \u20ac300 bottle of perfume, you\u2019re not just holding a fragrance. You are holding a complex balance sheet of agricultural risk, technological investment, and human genius. As a raw materials sourcer for luxury houses, I spend my days navigating this very equation. Consumers often ask why they can\u2019t find a cheaper equivalent to their favorite high-end scent. The answer is simple: they aren\u2019t paying for a smell, they are paying for an inimitable result that is impossible to replicate on the cheap. The question is not just about a flower, but about the entire ecosystem that brings it to life.<\/p>\n<p>The common explanation points to hand-picked flowers and artisanal traditions. While true, this is a dramatic oversimplification. It fails to capture the <strong>olfactory economics<\/strong> at play. The real value lies in the details: the specific chemistry of the soil, the precise moment of harvest dictated by the sun, the capital-intensive technology used for extraction, and the years of cognitive training that shape a master perfumer\u2019s mind. The jasmine from Grasse and the one from Egypt may start as the same species, but their journey from field to flacon places them in entirely different economic worlds.<\/p>\n<p>This article will deconstruct that \u20ac300 price tag. We will move beyond the romance of perfumery and into its operational reality. We\u2019ll explore why the technological delta between old and new extraction methods creates vast differences in quality and cost. We will quantify the value of a perfumer\u2019s \u00ab\u00a0neural asset\u00a0\u00bb and understand why the UNESCO-protected know-how of Grasse is more than a title\u2014it\u2019s a guarantee of a specific, high-cost, high-yield process. Ultimately, you will understand that the price difference isn\u2019t arbitrary; it\u2019s the sum of a thousand calculated decisions designed to achieve one thing: olfactory perfection.<\/p>\n<p>This guide breaks down the key factors that contribute to the value of a fine fragrance, from the technology used in extraction to the very art of creating a unique signature. The following sections will walk you through each element of this fascinating world.<\/p>\n<div class=\"summary-block\">\n<h2>Summary: Deconstructing the True Value of a Luxury Perfume<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li> <a href=\"#20.1\">Enfleurage vs. CO2 Extraction: How Technology Changed the Scent of Roses?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#20.2\">The Master Perfumer: How Do They Train Their Olfactory Memory for 10 Years?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#20.3\">Best Time to Visit Grasse: Catching the May Rose Harvest?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#20.4\">Why Was Grasse\u2019s Know-How Listed as Intangible Cultural Heritage?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#20.5\">Why Synthetics Are Necessary to Create the Smell of \u00ab\u00a0Fresh Rain\u00a0\u00bb?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#25.4\">Why the Breton Stripe Shirt Became the Symbol of French Style?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#9.2\">Where to Buy Rare Perfumes That Are Not Sold at Sephora?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#21\">How to Choose a Perfume That Doesn\u2019t Smell Like Everyone Else in the Office?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"20.1\">Enfleurage vs. CO2 Extraction: How Technology Changed the Scent of Roses?<\/h2>\n<p>The method used to capture a flower\u2019s soul is a critical cost and quality driver. For centuries, <strong>enfleurage<\/strong> was the gold standard for delicate blossoms like jasmine and tuberose. This labor-intensive process involved laying fresh petals on trays of purified fat, which would slowly absorb the fragrant molecules. The fat, or \u00ab\u00a0pommade,\u00a0\u00bb was then washed with alcohol to isolate the precious absolute. While romantic, this method is slow, yields small quantities, and the heat involved can subtly alter the scent profile. It represents a significant investment in time and manual labor for a result that is beautiful but imperfect.<\/p>\n<p>Modern perfumery, however, has embraced a far more precise and powerful tool: Supercritical CO2 Extraction. This technology represents a massive leap in fidelity. In this process, CO2 is pressurized until it enters a \u00ab\u00a0supercritical\u00a0\u00bb state, behaving like both a liquid and a gas. It can then pass through the raw plant material and dissolve its aromatic compounds with incredible efficiency and selectivity. As Sylvaine Delacourte, a respected perfumer, states, \u00ab\u00a0Supercritical CO2 extraction is the most recent extraction process, and the one allowing a scent to be reproduced as closely as possible to the smell of the raw material.\u00a0\u00bb This method captures the flower\u2019s scent in its most pristine, unaltered form.<\/p>\n<p>The key is the low temperature. While other solvent extractions require heat, which can \u00ab\u00a0cook\u00a0\u00bb the delicate top notes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sylvaine-delacourte.com\/en\/guide\/sofact\">modern CO2 extraction operates at a remarkably low 31\u00b0C<\/a>. This technological delta is a core part of the cost. The machinery is a significant capital expenditure, but it yields a product of unparalleled quality, capturing the most volatile and fragile molecules that would otherwise be lost. This is the difference between a memory of a rose and the rose itself.<\/p>\n\n<p>As this image suggests, the goal of modern extraction is to capture every nuance, down to the molecular level. You are not just paying for a rose scent; you are paying for a high-fidelity, technologically advanced capture of that rose, preserving its full, living complexity. This is an expense that mass-market fragrances simply cannot justify.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"20.2\">The Master Perfumer: How Do They Train Their Olfactory Memory for 10 Years?<\/h2>\n<p>The raw material is only one part of the equation. The other is the human instrument that assembles it: the master perfumer, or \u00ab\u00a0nose.\u00a0\u00bb It\u2019s a common misconception to think of this as a purely artistic role. In reality, it is a highly technical discipline requiring a decade or more of rigorous training to build what can only be described as a <strong>neural asset<\/strong>. A perfumer\u2019s brain is their primary tool, and its development is a long-term, high-cost investment for any fragrance house.<\/p>\n<p>This training is a systematic process of building an olfactory library in the mind. An apprentice perfumer spends years memorizing thousands of individual raw materials, both natural and synthetic. They learn to identify them blind, to understand their every facet, their volatility, their power, and how they interact with one another. This isn\u2019t just memorization; it\u2019s deep, associative learning that physically changes the brain. In fact, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/how-my-brain-works\/202410\/can-smell-training-improve-memory\">2023 University of California Irvine study demonstrated a 226% improvement<\/a> in learning and memory in individuals who underwent nightly olfactory enrichment. For perfumers, this effect is magnified over a decade of dedicated practice.<\/p>\n<p>This mental conditioning has a measurable physiological impact, transforming the perfumer\u2019s brain into a highly specialized processing unit.<\/p>\n<div class=\"case-study-block\">\n<p class=\"case-study-block-title\">Case Study: Brain Reorganization in Professional Perfumers<\/p>\n<p>A neuroscience study published in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology revealed that professional perfumers show functional reorganization in the posterior piriform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus during olfactory imagery tasks. The research demonstrated that extensive olfactory practice physically alters brain regions involved in odor processing and memory, with changes correlating to years of training experience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>This means a master perfumer isn\u2019t just \u00ab\u00a0good with smells.\u00a0\u00bb Their brain is structurally different, optimized for olfactory creation. When a house like Chanel or Dior employs an in-house perfumer, they are not just paying a salary; they are retaining an invaluable, highly developed neural asset. This human factor, this cultivated genius, is a significant, non-replicable cost baked into every bottle of a truly high-end perfume.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"20.3\">Best Time to Visit Grasse: Catching the May Rose Harvest?<\/h2>\n<p>To understand the price of a Grasse perfume, one must understand its rhythm, which is dictated by the agricultural calendar. The concept of <strong>yield and terroir<\/strong> is as critical here as it is in fine wine. The famous May Rose (Rosa centifolia) is not just a type of rose; it\u2019s a specific crop with an incredibly short harvest window in May, during which the flowers must be picked by hand in the early morning before the sun evaporates their precious oils. Visiting Grasse is not just a tourist activity; it\u2019s an opportunity to witness the first, and most critical, step in the luxury supply chain. And yes, you can visit many of the historic perfumeries like Fragonard, Molinard, or Galimard to see parts of the process.<\/p>\n<p>While the May Rose and August Jasmine harvests are the most famous events, the olfactory landscape of Grasse is active year-round. Each season brings a new raw material to the forefront, creating a continuous cycle of cultivation and processing. This calendar is the heartbeat of the region\u2019s economy and its perfumery heritage. Planning a visit around a specific harvest provides a unique window into why these materials are so prized.<\/p>\n<p>Here is a glimpse into the year-round olfactory cycle in the Pays de Grasse:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>February:<\/strong> The hills come alive with the golden, powdery scent of Mimosa blooms.<\/li>\n<li><strong>March:<\/strong> The season for Violets, often cultivated in nearby villages like Tourrettes-sur-Loup, offering their delicate, sweet fragrance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>April:<\/strong> Orange blossom season begins, filling the air with the intoxicating aroma of white flowers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>May:<\/strong> The legendary Centifolia rose harvest, the heart of many iconic fragrances.<\/li>\n<li><strong>May to September:<\/strong> Jasmine grandiflorum flowers, with the peak harvest occurring in the heat of August.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Late autumn:<\/strong> The Tuberose harvest extends into the cooler months, providing its heady, narcotic scent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Winter:<\/strong> A perfect time to visit the distilleries and extraction facilities, where you can witness the processing of the raw materials harvested throughout the year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This relentless cycle of cultivation demonstrates that the production of perfume ingredients is not a factory process but a form of high-stakes agriculture. Each harvest is subject to weather, disease, and the limitations of manual labor, all of which contribute to the final cost of the absolute. Timing your visit to witness this firsthand is to see the very foundation of luxury perfumery.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"20.4\">Why Was Grasse\u2019s Know-How Listed as Intangible Cultural Heritage?<\/h2>\n<p>In 2018, UNESCO took the significant step of inscribing the \u00ab\u00a0skills related to perfume in Pays de Grasse\u00a0\u00bb on its list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. This was not a mere honorary title. It was an official recognition of a complex, interconnected system of knowledge that constitutes a unique and irreplaceable economic and cultural asset. This designation is a crucial piece of the puzzle in understanding the price of a Grasse fragrance, as it formally acknowledges the value of the entire supply chain, from farmer to perfumer.<\/p>\n<p>The UNESCO inscription protects three distinct but interdependent pillars. As their official documentation states:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-content\">The skills related to perfume in Pays de Grasse cover three different aspects: the cultivation of perfume plants; the knowledge and processing of natural raw materials; and the art of perfume composition.<\/p>\n<p> <cite>\u2013 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Committee, <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/the-skills-related-to-perfume-in-pays-de-grasse-the-cultivation-of-perfume-plants-the-knowledge-and-processing-of-natural-raw-materials-and-the-art-of-perfume-composition-01207\">Official UNESCO ICH inscription documentation, 2018<\/a><\/cite> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This codifies the entire value chain. It protects the specific agricultural practices of the flower farmers, the specialized knowledge of the technicians who run the extraction facilities, and the creative genius of the master perfumers. It recognizes that you cannot have one without the others. This protected ecosystem, comprising <a href=\"https:\/\/provence-alpes-cotedazur.com\/en\/cote-dazur\/things-to-do\/top-unesco-world-heritage-sites-on-the-cote-dazur\">64 perfume firms employing 4,600 staff in the Grasse region<\/a>, creates a barrier to entry for competitors. You cannot simply grow jasmine elsewhere and replicate the result, because you lack the integrated, multi-generational knowledge of processing and composition that exists only in Grasse.<\/p>\n\n<p>This heritage is a living thing, passed down through generations. The weathered hands of a flower picker, the precise adjustments of a distiller, the trained mind of a perfumer\u2014these are all part of the protected \u00ab\u00a0know-how.\u00a0\u00bb The UNESCO label is essentially a guarantee of authenticity and quality, certifying that the perfume is the product of this unique, high-cost ecosystem. This is a form of brand equity that is built into the price of every gram of absolute produced there.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"20.5\">Why Synthetics Are Necessary to Create the Smell of \u2018Fresh Rain\u2019?<\/h2>\n<p>For the luxury consumer, the word \u00ab\u00a0synthetic\u00a0\u00bb can often sound like a compromise\u2014a cheaper, artificial substitute for the \u00ab\u00a0real thing.\u00a0\u00bb In the world of modern perfumery, this is a fundamental misunderstanding. Synthetics, or aroma molecules, are not the enemy of luxury; they are an essential and often expensive tool for innovation, consistency, and creativity. From a sourcing perspective, they allow us to capture concepts and emotions that nature simply does not bottle.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the smell of \u00ab\u00a0fresh rain\u00a0\u00bb on dry earth, a scent known as <strong>petrichor<\/strong>. You cannot harvest petrichor. There is no field of \u00ab\u00a0rain\u00a0\u00bb to distill. This scent is an olfactory event, a combination of airborne plant oils and a molecule called geosmin produced by soil bacteria. The only way to replicate this beautiful, abstract experience in a perfume is through the precise use of synthetic molecules. As Alexandre Levet, a French fragrance house CEO, aptly put it, \u00ab\u00a0Synthetics are not a \u2018fake\u2019 version; they are the only way to capture and bottle abstract, environmental phenomena like petrichor, which cannot be harvested naturally.\u00a0\u00bb This is the principle of <strong>abstract sourcing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Synthetics also provide perfumers with a palette of unparalleled breadth and stability. While nature offers an incredible array of scents, it is also fickle. The scent of a rose can vary dramatically from one harvest to the next due to changes in sun and rainfall. Synthetics provide consistency, ensuring that your favorite perfume smells the same today as it will next year. They also unlock notes that are impossible or unethical to obtain naturally, such as those from animals (musk, civet) or from flowers too delicate to survive any extraction process (like lily-of-the-valley). The modern perfumer\u2019s palette is vast, with access to roughly <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.delacourte.com\/en\/the-techniques-of-making-a-perfume\">1,000 natural raw materials versus 3,000 synthetic ones<\/a>. Far from being a cheap shortcut, high-quality, patented aroma molecules are often the result of millions of dollars in research and development, making them a significant cost component in a fine fragrance.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"25.4\">Why the Breton Stripe Shirt Became the Symbol of French Style?<\/h2>\n<p>At first glance, a discussion of the Breton stripe shirt, or \u00ab\u00a0marini\u00e8re,\u00a0\u00bb may seem out of place. However, its journey from functional workwear to a symbol of effortless chic provides a powerful analogy for how value is constructed in the world of luxury, including perfumery. The value of an object is rarely confined to its material composition; it is deeply intertwined with its history, its cultural adoption, and the stories it tells. The marini\u00e8re is a masterclass in this very process.<\/p>\n<p>The shirt\u2019s origins are purely practical. As the historical context explains, it was a functional piece of the French naval uniform in the 19th century. Its 21 stripes were not an aesthetic choice but, according to legend, a tribute to Napoleon\u2019s victories. The distinct pattern also made it easier to spot a sailor who had fallen overboard. This was a garment born of utility, not fashion. Its transformation began when it was adopted by artists and intellectuals on the French Riviera in the early 20th century. Coco Chanel famously incorporated it into her collections, elevating it from workwear to a symbol of a new, liberated, and casual form of elegance.<\/p>\n<p>This transition is key. The Breton stripe shirt became a luxury item not because its material changed\u2014it was still just cotton\u2014but because its cultural meaning was transformed. It became associated with artists, seaside holidays, and a certain French \u00ab\u00a0joie de vivre.\u00a0\u00bb It was democratized yet remained chic, worn by everyone from Pablo Picasso to Jean-Paul Gaultier. Similarly, an ingredient like Grasse jasmine is not just a flower. It carries the weight of its own history, its association with royal courts, its role in iconic perfumes, and its protected status by UNESCO. When you buy a perfume with Grasse jasmine, you are buying into that story, just as one buys into the legacy of French seaside style with a marini\u00e8re. The cultural capital is a real, albeit intangible, part of the price.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"9.2\">Where to Buy Rare Perfumes That Are Not Sold at Sephora?<\/h2>\n<p>Once you understand the complex value chain behind a fine fragrance, the appeal of mass-market perfumes can wane. The desire for something unique, something with a story and a point of view, naturally leads consumers toward the world of niche and independent perfumery. These are the fragrances that you won\u2019t find in large department stores, as their production is too small, their ingredients too rare, or their scent profile too audacious for a mainstream audience. Finding them is a treasure hunt, but a rewarding one for those seeking true olfactory distinction.<\/p>\n<p>Sourcing these rare gems requires a different approach than a casual trip to the mall. It\u2019s about shifting your focus from brands to creators, and from finished bottles to exploration and sampling. It involves becoming an active participant in the fragrance community, following the work of individual \u00ab\u00a0noses,\u00a0\u00bb and being willing to explore scents that challenge convention. The goal is to find a scent that doesn\u2019t just smell good, but that resonates on a personal level. As a sourcer, my job is to find rare ingredients; your job as a connoisseur is to find the rare artists who use them best.<\/p>\n<div class=\"actionable-list\">\n<h3>Your Checklist: Auditing Your Niche Perfume Hunt<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Points of Contact:<\/strong> List all channels where rare perfumes are discussed or sold. This includes specialized boutiques, perfumers\u2019 personal websites, online forums (like Basenotes or Fragrantica), and social media accounts of fragrance critics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collection Inventory:<\/strong> Take stock of your current fragrance collection. Identify the notes and perfumers you are consistently drawn to. Are there common threads?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coherence Check:<\/strong> Compare your preferences to the offerings of niche houses. Are you looking for a bold artistic statement (e.g., Beaufort London) or a modern take on classicism (e.g., MDCI Parfums)? Ensure your search aligns with your personal style.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Memorability &amp; Emotion:<\/strong> Use decant services to sample widely. Create a simple grid to rate each sample on a scale of 1-5 for uniqueness and emotional response. Does it feel generic or does it tell a story?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Integration Plan:<\/strong> Based on your audit, prioritize the purchase of one or two full bottles that truly fill a \u00ab\u00a0gap\u00a0\u00bb in your collection and represent a new discovery, rather than buying more of what you already have.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p>By following a more strategic path, you transform shopping from a passive activity into an exciting journey of discovery. This proactive approach is the surest way to find a signature scent that is truly your own.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"key-takeaways\">\n<p>Key Takeaways<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The high price of Grasse perfumes reflects a full supply chain cost, from soil science to patented extraction technology.<\/li>\n<li>A master perfumer\u2019s skill is a \u00ab\u00a0neural asset,\u00a0\u00bb developed over a decade of training that physically alters their brain for olfactory work.<\/li>\n<li>Synthetics are not cheap substitutes but essential tools for innovation, consistency, and capturing abstract scents like rain (petrichor).<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"21\">How to Choose a Perfume That Doesn\u2019t Smell Like Everyone Else in the Office?<\/h2>\n<p>The ultimate goal of this entire exploration is to empower you to make more personal and informed choices. Choosing a unique perfume is the final step, translating your newfound knowledge into a tangible, wearable statement. Escaping the olfactory fatigue of the mainstream\u2014where a few bestsellers dominate every public space\u2014requires a conscious decision to value composition and chemistry over marketing and popularity. It\u2019s about finding a scent that works with your skin to create something that is yours alone.<\/p>\n<p>The key is to look beyond the top notes that provide the initial, fleeting impression. A truly great perfume tells a story as it evolves on your skin over several hours. This is where understanding different olfactory families and the concept of \u00ab\u00a0sillage\u00a0\u00bb (the trail a perfume leaves) becomes crucial. Instead of reaching for the latest fruity-floral blockbuster, consider exploring less common categories. A sophisticated Chypre, with its notes of oakmoss and bergamot, or an abstract Aldehydic fragrance can offer a timeless elegance that stands apart. The economics of raw materials we\u2019ve discussed are stark; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2025\/08\/egyptian-farmers-behind-worlds-perfumes-face-climate-fight-alone\">the economics of perfume raw materials reveal global brands charge up to $6,000 per kilogram<\/a> of jasmine absolute, while farmers in some regions may earn as little as $2 for the same weight in flowers. This disparity is precisely what you are paying to overcome when you buy a fragrance that uses high-cost, ethically sourced Grasse materials.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some practical techniques for developing a unique scent signature:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Master scent layering:<\/strong> Create a personalized accord by combining a simple fragrance (like a light citrus) over a more complex base (like a single-note woody or amber scent).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Explore unfashionable olfactory families:<\/strong> Delve into classic Chypres or bold Aldehydic fragrances that have fallen out of mainstream favor but possess incredible sophistication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discover skin scents:<\/strong> Look for fragrances with low projection based on molecules like Iso E Super or Ambroxan. They are designed to merge with your natural body chemistry, creating a subtle \u00ab\u00a0you, but better\u00a0\u00bb effect.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Test with patience:<\/strong> Always apply perfume to your skin (not a paper strip) and allow it to develop for at least 20 minutes before making a judgment. Your body chemistry is the final ingredient.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consider vintage classics:<\/strong> Hunt for older formulations of classic perfumes. They often contain raw materials and accords that are no longer used, offering a completely unique profile by today\u2019s standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>By applying these strategies, you move from being a passive consumer to an active curator of your own olfactory identity. Your next fragrance choice can be more than just a pleasant smell; it can be a reflection of your understanding of art, science, and economics, a truly personal signature in a world of copies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The steep price of a Grasse perfume isn\u2019t a luxury markup; it\u2019s a direct reflection of a high-risk, low-yield agricultural and scientific supply chain. The switch from traditional enfleurage to high-tech CO2 extraction preserves fragile scents at a molecular level,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fashion-culture"],"_aioseop_title":"","_aioseop_description":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=588"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.french-fashion.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}